Judicial System of India

India’s judicial system is a unified and independent structure that operates at various levels to ensure justice. Here’s a detailed list categorised by the hierarchical structure and the states they cover. This structured list serves as a guide for those aspiring to understand the Indian judicial system, especially for candidates preparing for government job exams.

1. Supreme Court of India (National Level)

• Location: New Delhi
• Jurisdiction: Apex court with jurisdiction over the entire country. It handles constitutional cases, disputes between states or between the union and states, and appeals from lower courts.

2. High Courts (State/Union Territory Level)

India has 25 High Courts, each with jurisdiction over one or more states/union territories.

3. Subordinate Courts (District Level)

Each state has subordinate courts structured into:

• District Courts: Handle civil and criminal cases at the district level.
• Family Courts: Focus on family disputes like divorce and child custody.
• Sessions Courts: Handle serious criminal cases.
• Metropolitan Magistrates/Chief Judicial Magistrates: Deal with lower-level criminal and civil cases.

4. Other Specialised Tribunals

In addition to the regular courts, India has tribunals for specific matters such as:

• National Green Tribunal (NGT): Environmental cases.
• Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT): Service disputes of government employees.
• Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT): Tax-related matters.
• Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT): Issues related to armed forces personnel.

This structured list serves as a guide for those aspiring to understand the Indian judicial system, especially for candidates preparing for government job exams.